Anatomy and Physiology I Coursework

Cells: The Living Units

Terms and Nomenclature

Cell Theory
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Nucleus
intracellular fluid
extracellular fluid
fluid mosaic model
glycolipids
cholesterol
lipid rafts
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
cytoskeleton
Integral proteins
transmembrane proteins
channels
carriers
signal transduction
peripheral proteins
glycocalyx
ovum
tight junction
impermeable junction
anchoring junctions
Desmosomes
plaque
gap junction
nexus
connexons
cell adhesion molecules (CAMS)
keratin
microvilli
intracellular space
interstitial fluid
passive processes
active processes
diffusion
filtration
concentration gradient
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
carriers
saturated
Leakage channels
Gated Channels
cellular homeostatis
aquaporins (AQPs)
net
osmolarity
hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure
Tonicity
Tono
Isotonic Solutions
Hypertonic Solutions
Crenate
Hypotonic Solutions
dilute
lyse
edematous
active transport
ATO
Solute pumps
symport system
antiport system
primary active transport
sodium-potassium pump
electrochemical gradients
secondary active transport
vesicular transport
endocytosis
exocytosis
transcytosis
vesicular trafficking
clathrin
coated pit
endosome
lysosome
Phagocytosis
phagosome
pseudopods
phagocytes
amoeboid motion
pinocytosis
fluid-phase endocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
caveolae
hormones
coatomer
secretory vesicle
v-SNAREs
t-SNAREs
membrane potential
voltage
resting membrane potential
polarized
K+
NA+
A-
steady state
caderins
integrins
membrane receptors
contact signaling
neurotransmitters
paracrines
Catalytic Receptor Proteins
Chemically gated channel-linked receptors
G Protein-linked receptors
G Protein
second messengers
cyclic AMP
protein kinase enzymes
Nitric Oxide
Cytosol
inclusions
Ligand
Effector Protein
Activated Kinase Enzymes
endomembrane system
membranous organelles
Mitochondria
outer membrane
inner membrane
cristae
matrix
aerobic cellular respiration
fission
Ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Free ribosomes
Membrane-bound ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
cisterns
Golgi apparatus
Smoother Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER
granules
Peroxisomes
free radicals
Oxidases
hydrolase enzymes
Lysosomes
acid hydrolases
Nuclear Envelope
Transport vesicle
cytoskeleton
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules
microfilaments
actin
terminal web
Actin subunits
tetramer subunits
tubulin subunits
unconventional myosin
tetramer fibrils
tubulins
centrosome
motor proteins
centrioles
Cilia
Flagella
Basal Bodies
Power Stroke
Recovery Stroke
Primary Cilia
Multinucleate
Anucleate
nucleoli
chromatin
nuclear lamina
lamins
nuclear pores
nuclear pore complex
nucleoplasm
nucleolar organizer regions
histone proteins
Interphase
metabolic phase
growth phase
Gaps
Synthetic
G1
G0
S phase
G2
Replication Bubbles
Replication Fork
Polymerase Enzymes
RNA primer
DNA polymerase
leading strand
lagging strand
semiconservative replication
cohesin
Mitosis
cytokinesis
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
contractile ring
cleavage furrow
contact inhibition
cyclins
Cdks
restriction point
MPF
gene
triplet
exons
introns
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Transcription
Translation
transcription factos
promoter
start point
template strand
coding strand
RNA polymerase
initiation
Elongation
DNA-RNA hybrid
Termination
termination signal
pre-mRNA
primary transcript
genetic code
codon
anticodon
initiator tRNA
start codon
codon recognition
peptide bond formation
translocation
polyribosome
stop codon
protein release factor
signal sequence
Antisense RNAs
MicroRNAs
Riboswitches
autophagy
autophagosomes
ubiquitins
proteasomes
cell differentiation
apoptosis
hyperplasia
atrophy
wear-and-tear theory
mitrochondrial theory of aging
genetic theory
telomeres
telomerase