Body's Organ Systems and Major Functions
Terms and Nomenclature
Integumentary System: Form the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure. etc.) receptors and sweat and oil glands.
Consists of the Hair, Skin and Nails.
Skeletal System: Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood Cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.
Consists of Bones and Joints.
Muscular System: Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produced heat.
Consists of Skeletal Muscles.
Nervous System: As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Consists of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves.
Endocrine System: Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
Consists of Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, Testis, Ovary, Pancreas, Adrenal Gland, Thymus, and Thyroid Gland.
Cardiovascular System: Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.
Consists of Heart and Blood Vessels.
Lymphatic System/ Immunity: Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body.
Consists of Red Bone Marrow, Thymus, Lymphatic Vessels, Thoracic Duct, Spleen, Lymph Nodes.
Respiratory System: Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
Consists of Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lung, and Bronchus.
Digestive System: Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.
Consists of Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Large Intestine, Liver, Stomach, Small Intestine, Rectum, and Anus.
Urinary System:Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
Consists of Kidney, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra.
Male Reproductive System: Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract.
Consists of Penis, Testis, Scrotum, Ductus Deferens, Prostate Gland.
Female Reproductive System:Overall function is production of offspring. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. The remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn.
Consists of Vagina, Uterus, Uterine Tube, Ovary, Mammary Glands (in Breasts).
Images and Diagrams
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